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Page 1
INPUT LEVEL IMIC I1 IN dBV
COMPRESSION SYSTEM
INPUT-OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
FIGURE 1
Gated Memory Threshold: -90.5 dBV typical at maximum input
gain (mic); -40.5 dBV typical at max-
imum input gain (line)
Recovery: In "hold" position, less than 20 dB gain
recovery after 1 minute
VU Meter Dual-range, 3-function (output level in dB, gain reduction in
dB, battery check), illuminated (ac operation only)
Gated MemorylPeak Indicator With meter switch in VU position, lights 6 dB below clipping;
with meter switch in Comp position, lights when gated
memory is "holding"
Noise Equivalent lnput Noise: - 129 dBV (low-impedance
microphone, 150 ohms, 300 to 20,000 Hz) into 600-ohm load
at full gain
Equivalent lnput Hum and Noise: -127
dBV (low-
impedance microphone, 150 ohms, 20 to 20,000 Hz) into
600-ohm load at full gain
Output Noise: -77
dBV maximum (output control full
counterclockwise [off]), -40 dBV maximum (output control
full clockwise [on]) (input control down, 300 to 20,000 Hz)
Output Hum and Noise: -75
dBV maximum
(output con-
trol down), -38 dBV maximum (output control up, input con-
trol down, 20 to 20,000 Hz)
Distortion 0.4% THD, 30 to 20,000 Hz at + 15 dBm output; 0.5% or less IM distortion at + 15 dBm output into 600 ohms
Common Mode Rejection 65 dB minimum with input of -20 dBV at 100 Hz
Control Interaction Less than 1 dB with any control combination
Overload and Shorting Protection Shorting outputs, even for prolonged periods, will cause no
damage; microphone input will not be damaged by signals
up to 3V
Low-Cut Filters 6 dB per octave rolloff at 150 Hz
Phase All outputs in phase with respect to all inputs. Pin 2 is "high"
with respect to pin 3; pin 1 is ground. Tip of mix bus jack in
phase with pin 3. Tip and ring of headphone jacks in phase
with pin 2
Tone Oscillator 1 kHz; + 15 dBm minimum at line output with output level
full up
Phantom Power 30 Vdc nominal, 3.3k series resistance, automatically dis-
abled with input switch in Line position
Operating Voltage Ac Operation: 120 or 240 Vac -r-10% (internally
selectable), 50160 Hz, 5.5W
Dc Operation: 27 Vdc nominal at 27 mA typical no-signal,
30 mA typical at 0 VU (+4 dBm) output; 21.5 Vdc minimum;
battery life approximately 10 hours with alkaline batteries
at
+ 4 dBm output in continuous use; three 9-volt bat-
teries, type NEDA 1604A (Duracell MN1604 or Eveready 522
recommended)
Temperature Range Operating: -18O to 57OC (0° to 135OF) Storage: -2g0 to 71°C (-20° to 160°F)
Dimensions 79.5 mm H x 310 mm W x 230 mm D (3-118 in. x 12-7132 in. x 9-1132 in.)
Weight Net:
2.75 kg (6 Ib 1 02) Packaged: 3.25
kg (7 Ib 3 oz)
Certifications Listed by Underwriters Laboratories Inc.; listed by Cana-
dian Standards Association as Certified
CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS
Power Off-On
Switch: applies power to the FP51 circuitry.
Channel Levellcue Rotary Controls: adjust individual input
channel signal levels. Each channel can be cued by pulling the
control knob outward to the detent position, rotating the knob
to the desired level, and pushing the knob inward to activate
'the channel.
Lo Cut Filter Slide Switches: reduce unwanted low-frequency
signals such as wind noise by 6 dB per octave at 150 Hz.
Master Rotary Control: determines mixed output level at out-
put connector. The control also sets the tone oscillator level
when the
Tone Osc switch is turned on.
Gated MemorylPeak LED: indicates,
in gated memory mode,
that gated memory is "holding" prior amount of compression
during a low input signal, and turns off when input signal is
above compression threshold. In peak mode, the LED indi-
cates approaching program overload. It is activated by the
shortest transient peak, but remains on long enough to pro-
vide easy recognition. The chart below shows the effect of
Compressor and Gated Memory switches on indicator opera-
tion.
GATED MEMORYIPEAK LED FUNCTIONS
Gated Memory off I Gated Memory on
Compressor out No operation Compressor in Gated memory
VU Meter: indicates 0 VU
with a +4 dBm output (recom-
mended for normal use to provide approximately 14 dB
headroom from operating level to clipping level) with
VUlComp switch in VU position. Rear-panel VU Range +41+8 slide
switch permits changing to 0 VU = +8 dBm. With VUlComp switch in Comp position, indicates compression due to input
signal above threshold (lower meter scale). The VU meter is lit
during ac operation only; therefore, the illumination serves as
a visual alarm if the ac is interrupted and the unit has
automatically switched to battery operation.
Batt Check Momentary Push-button Switch: operates
in con-
junction with the VU meter to indicate battery condition. With
the Power switch on and the switch depressed, a new set of
batteries will give about a + 2 VU indication. Battery condition
is good if the reading is above 0 VU; a lower reading means
that new batteries are required for proper operation.
Gated Memory Slide Switch: disables the gated memory
function without affecting other operations.
Response Rate Rotary Control: adjusts the compression
system time constant to compensate for different types of pro-
gram material. In general, a faster setting (toward the
counterclockwise position) results in a more constant output
level, but a more audible compression effect. Although the
control setting is subjective, the following knob positions offer
guidelines: speech -2; pop music -4; symphonic music- 7.
Page 2
Compressor Off-On Slide Switch: disables the compressor
and gated memory functions, converting the FP51 to a stan-
dard microphone mixer.
Tone Osc Off-On Slide Switch: provides a highly stable, low-
distortion 1 kHz tone for line tests and level checks. The tone
signal level is controlled by the
Master Level control. The tone
signal appears on both the lipe and microphone outputs, as
well as the Headphones and Mix Bus connectors. The tone
oscillator should be switched off when not in use.
Headphones 1M-inch Phone Jack and Miniature 3.5 mm Phone
Jack: permit monitoring mixer output through most stereo
headphones. The
Headphones rotary control adjusts the out-
put level of both jacks. Note that the headphones output level
is high enough for use as an auxiliary unbalanced line feed to
drive a tape deck or a power amplifier.
lnput 1-4 XLR Connectors: are transformer-balanced, profes-
sional three-pin audio inputs. Pins 2 and 3 are "hot" and
"neutral," and pin 1 is ground. For microphone operation, the
lnput MiclLine switches must be in the Mic position; for line
level inputs, the switches must be in the Line position.
Phantom Off-On Slide Switch: controls the application of
phantom power for condenser microphones to all inputs. With
the switch on and
lnput MiclLine switches in the Mic position,
+30 Vdc is applied to pins 2 and 3 of each input connector
(power is automatically removed in the Line position). Series
current-limiting resistance is 3.3 kilohms for each input. When
using other than Shure microphones, verify that the voltage
and resistance requirements are compatible.
Output XLR Connector: is a professional three-pin audio con-
nector for connection to either low-impedance microphone or
line-level inputs of power amplifiers, mixers, or other signal-
processing equipment. The
Output MiclLine switch selects
either microphone- or line-level output signals.
Line Out Push Terminals: provide direct wire connection to a
balanced 600-ohm line. Terminals are in parallel with the 3-pin
Output connector when the Output MiclLine switch is in the
Line position only. The red terminal is in parallel with pin 2 of
the
Output connector, and the black terminal is in parallel with
pin 3. Note that the line-level output signal is always present
on these terminals.
Mix Bus Phono Pin Jack: provides direct access to the out-
put channel mixing bus. This facilitates stacking or "multing"
FP5ls to achieve additional input capacity without losing any
inputs. With two FP5ls connected at their Mix Bus jacks, for
example, the mix buses of each unit are directly connected,
providing two independent
Master gain controls and two
isolated line amplifiers with eight individually control\ed in-
puts. Since the buses are directly connected, a 6 dB drop in the
gain of each output channel will occur, and the
Master or In-
put controls must be increased to compensate. Noise
specifications are not adversely affected by this connection.
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION
Battery Operation
In addition to 120- or 240-volt ac operation, the FP51 can be
operated from an internal battery pack. Current drain is
typically 30
mA at +4 dBm output level. Battery operation is
recommended for remote, on-location operation, and as an
emergency backup source in case of ac power failure.
Access to the battery compartment is through the bottom of
the chassis. Three 9-volt transistor radio batteries power the
FP51 at full rated
out~ut. Duracell MN1604 or Evereadv 522
batteries are recommended. Battery life is approximat~ly 10
hours at +4 dBm continuous use. Note that ~hantom Dower
loading will increase battery drain.
With batteries in the battery compartment, the FP51 will
automatically and silently switch to battery operation should
the ac voltage fall below a suitable level.
Battery condition can be determined using the
Batt Check switch on the front panel. With the FP51 Power switch on, ac-
tivate the Batt Check switch and observe the VU meter. A new
set of batteries will give about a +2 VU indication. Battery
condition is good if the reading is above 0 VU; a lower reading
means that new batteries are required for proper operation.
Connections Connect the signal sources to the three-pin XLR lnput con-
nectors. Connect the three-pin XLR Output connector andlor Line Out terminals to the input of a power amplifier, mixer,
telephone line, etc. Set the Output MiclLine switch for the
appropriate signal level.
Refer
to the Operating Hints section titled, Additional In-
puts, for information on increasing the number of available
microphone- or line-level inputs.
Connect headphones to the phone jack or 3.5 mm mini
phone jack, if desired, for monitoring the FP51 output.
Connect the line cord to a 120
Vac 2 lo%, 50160 Hz source if
the FP51 is
to be ac-operated. If 240-volt ac operation is
desired, refer to the Service section.
Adjustments Turn the Compressor and Gated Memory slide switches on,
the VUlComp switch to Comp, and the VU Range switch to + 4
or +8 dBm. Rotate the Channel Level and Master Level con-
trols fully counterclockwise to 0, and set the Response Rate control for the program material to be used.
If desired, turn on the Lo Cut Filter switches above the Chan-
nel Level controls. The filter action will help reduce wind noise
and undesirable low-frequency signals (see Figure 2).
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
LO CUT FILTER ACTION FIGURE 2
Note that each input Channel Level control has a cuing
capability. To cue a channel while the other channels are
carrying program material, pull the desired
Channel Level con-
trol outward to the cue position. This removes that channel
from the mixing circuitry and routes it only to the
Headphones jacks. Adjust the Headphones level control to a comfortable
listening level, and adjust the cued Channel Level control for a
proper mixing level. Restore the cued signal to the program
mix by pushing the
Channel Level control inward.
Turn on the Power switch and allow approximately 1 minute warmup time. The VU meter will light in ac operation. Turn the Phantom switch on if non-battery-operated condenser
microphones are to be used with the FP51. (Caution: Do not turn the Phantom switch on when using unbalanced low im-
pedance microphones.) Note that phantom power cannot be
applied to the inputs with the
MiclLine switches in the Line
position; if line-level condenser microphones (such as Shure's
SM82) are to be operated on phantom power, contact Shure's
Service department for modification instructions.
Turn on the
Tone Osc switch. A dB compression reading of
approximately 10 on the VU meter lower scale will result, and
the
Gated MemorylPeak LED will turn off.
Set the VUlComp switch to VU and rotate the Master control
for a 0 VU meter reading (upper scale). The tone signal can be
heard in headphones connected to either phone jack. The tone
signal can be used to calibrate equipment following the
FP51. Reduce the Master control setting for a -2 VU meter
reading, and turn off the Tone Osc switch. The Gated MemorylPeak LED will turn on, indicating that the gated
memory is "holding" the prior amount of compression. Note
the
Master control setting for future use. (Note: This output
reduction is made to compensate for the moderate short-term
output dynamic range encountered for speech using the