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Page 1
- TAPE/DIRECT, LINE &PHONES:switching of the playback signal o~ of
the direct signal on the line outputs, headphones and loudspeaker; switch
inactive on TEST
- TAPE/DIRECT, METER: switching of the playback signal or of the direct signal on the circuit of rIleter 14; this switch cannot be locked on TAPE
- POWER: power selector switch i.e. built-in batteries or accumulators or
external power supply connected to plug 48
- Main function switch STOP: recorder at - standstill
TEST: power sopplied to all circuits, except record and erase
RECORD: power supplied to all circuits and the motor; record and erase on
the 3 tracks
PLAYBACK: the recorded signal can be heard on the headphones and is fed
to the line outputs of connectors 41, 42,43,45 and 46 when switch 1 is on
TAPE (or on DIRECT if the output signal is reintroduced into the direct
chain. see 42) PLA YBACK with Loudspeaker: playback of tape using loudspeaker
-
LIGHT; meter 14 lights up momentarily: remains illuminated when the
button is turned to the right
o Main attenuator CHANNEL 2: in steps of 10 dB for channel 2,Iower track
- Vernier attenuator CHANNE L 2; in steps of 1 dB for channel 1
- Main attenuator CHANN.E L 1: in steps of 10 dB for channel I, upper track
- Vernier attenuator CHANNE L 1: in steps of 1 dB for channel 1 dB scale: for the microphone inputs, in relation to the sound pressure
level 0.OOO2pbar
=0 dB
voltage scale; effective voltage applied to the line input, which gives a reading
of OdB on the AVERAGE scale of meter 14
-
REF. OSCILLATOR: switched on when the button is depressed, the
reference oscillator supplies a +10 dB signal to the direct amplifier on each
channel, after the attenuator
-
-
-
LINE/MIKE: line or microphone input selector, channel 2
LINE/MIKE: line or microphone input selector, channell
FI LTERS: 6-position filter selector switch for channell:
HP high·pass
L1N. linear
WE IGHTING A, B, C, D weighting curves A, B, C and D
METER FUNCTION: six-position selector switch for meter 14 lEVEL. AVERAGE FAST: on the AVERAGE decibel scale, average value
of the sound level, fast characteristic, red needle for channel I, green needle
for channel 2
lEVEL. AVERAGE SLOW; the same as AVERAGE FAST, but slow
characteristic LEVEL, PEAK: on the PEAK decibel scale, peak value of the sound level,
channels as above BATT.: on the BATTERIES scale, battery or accumulator check
Red needle: battery voltage per cell (VOLTS/CELL)
Green needle: voltage required by the motor, with the same reduction factor
as battery voltage PILOT8o CUE:
Green needle: on the PILOT 0 to 100% scale, overall frequency deviation
caused by the pilot and CUE signals, 100% on the scale corresponding to a
deviation of ±40%Red needle:on the PILOT +4 to -4% scale, frequency shift,as determined by
the built-in OFMS frequency meter, between a signal recorded orplayed back
on the third track and an internal referencePosition M:
Green needle: same as PILOT &CUE
Red needle: on the 0 to 100% scale, current through the motor, 100% on the
scale corresponding to 250 mA
CD
-
Fll TERS: filter selector switch for channel 2.identical to II
Meter: indicates sound level and checking functions according to the positionof selector switch 12
I
I
- PILOT: indicator which shows a white lone when frequency and amplitude
of the pilot signal are correct I
SPEED &POWER: indicator which shows a white lone when the following
three conditions are fulfilled:
- power supply voltage higher than the maximum admissible value
- motor regulation within the correct operating range
tachometric speed fluctuations not exceedinq the maximum value
I
«I» PHONES: connector for mono headphones, impedance 25 to 600n
- CHANNEL, PHONES
&L.S.: channel selector for listening with headphones
and loudspeaker
- LEVEL, PHONES: adjustment of the headphones volume
- Tape speed selector switch IS"
=38.1cmls 7'/," =19.05cm/s
I
I 3% .- =9.525 cm/s
1 'h" =3.81 ·cm/s
I - BIAS: 5'position bias selector switch
- Pinch-wheel
6) Fast wind switch:
REW. I rewind with main switch 4 in any position
except STOP, lever 32 in disengage position
fast wind when main switch 4 on
PLAYBACK with Loudspeaker
I - Supply reel
- Tension roller of the supplV reel
- Erase head
-- Stabilizer roller with 50 or 60 Hz stroboscope
- Recording head tracks 1 and 2
e. Recording and playback head track 3
-- Playback head tracks 1 and 2
CD Capstan
- 3'position lever controlling the pinch-wheel and tape guicles:
. - lever pulled to the left: for threading the tape (rewind possible in this
position)
- lever at 45° to the edge of the tape-deck: motor running,but tape not
moving
- lever pushed backwards: tape running
-- Tension roller of the take-up reel
- Take·up reel
6) RECORDING EOUALIZA TION ADJUSTMENT
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Direct analysis of sound signals
Used solely as an amplifier the NAGRA IV-SJ is a
precision sound level meter, which operates with
any calibrated microphone cartridge. The sound
pressure measurements must be taken in relation to
the
0dB reference level, which corresponds to a
pressure of 0.0002 ubar,i.e. 20
J.lN/m 2 or 20 J.lPa.
This level coincides in practice with the audibility
threshold of the human ear at
1kHz; at this fre-
quency, the sound level can be expressed in phones,
the phones value being equal to the dB value read
in relation to the 0.0002 /-Ibar reference.
'. The frequency response of the human ear is not
linear and depends very much on the sound level; a
sound level meter must therefore include weighting filters which modify the values measured in accor-
dance with certain criteria, so that they can be
interpreted in relation to the subjective impression
felt by the human ear. There are three standard
weighting curves, A, Band C. Curve Ais used for
low and medium sound levels, which are the sub-
ject of most analyses; curves Band C relate to
higher levels. Curve D relates to contour-lines of·
perceived noisiness, in particular with noise pro-
duced by aviation: this weighting is used for the
measurement of sounds which cause annoyance
in general. Curves A, B, G and D are shown after
the specifications.
The sound level measuredis shown on a dual
galvanometer. with one needle per channel. Its measuring circuit determines the average value of
the signal on RMS and its peak value onPEAK, with different dynamic characteristics in
relation to the integration time. On RMS
FAST integration time is 200 ms: a signal at
1kHz
lasting 200 ms gives a reading
1dB lower than that
which would correspond to the steady signal. On
RMS SLOW, integration time is 500 ms and
a signal lasting 500 ms gives a reading 4 dB below that which would correspond to the steady signal.
These twointegration times areinaccordance with
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
I Measurements
the GEl standard 179 for precrsion sound level
meters. Naturally, any signal which is shorterthan
the integration time will be shown below its real
value. For analysis of pulse signals or strong
transients a more useful reading is o
ained on
PEAK, i.e.peak value with an integration time of
only
5ms. This very fast reading cannot be used
because itcauses visual fatigue:in order to over-
come this disadvantage the measuring circuit holds
the signal for about one second, therebyincreasing
the fall time of the needle.
Recording and playback of the sound signals
In all cases where direct. measurement is not
sufficient for studying the signals picked up by the
microphone, these signals can be recorded on mag-
netic tape and analyzed laterin the laboratory.
While thetwo tracks usedfor direct recordingare
in use, the third track
C'IO record F M signals for
synchronization, acommentary, or ameasuring-
signal from D.C.upto4 kHz. Thethree tracks
thus store signals in fully-synchronized form, which
is an important factor for analysis.
However, this storage is restricted to someextent
due tothe limitations of present magnetic tapes.
These limitations concern the following charac-
teristics in particular:
the response curve
Attenuation at the upper andlower extremes of
the spectrum depends onthe speedused. Very low
frequency signals, which aredifficult to playback
with a small reproduce head, should be analyzed
by frequency transposition.
distortion
This increases very rapidly as soon as themaximum
recording level is exceeded,andtape saturation
occurs, generating harmonic frequencies (in
par
ticular 2nd and3rdharmonics), which falsify the
analysis of the signals.
Page 32
ENGLISH
When connected to the Nagra, the
Speed Varier allows all 3 speeds15"/s - 7.5"/s - 3.75"/s to be varied
manually up to
± 12 %
Sound transfer applications:
- To adjust the pilot signal frequency to a reference.
- To compensate for a missing pilot signal or to adjust the syn-
chronization when the pilot signal frequency fluctuates.
Dimensions:
5%" x 2 1/z" X1%"
(142 x 62 x 38 rnrn]
Weight: 1 Ib(0.450 kg)
QSV2
SPEED VARIER
QSV2
for NAGRA 4.2, IV-S and IV-SJ
FRANCAIS
Le variateur de vitesse permet de
faire varier manuellement la vitesse
de defilement du Nagra de
±12 %
II est utillsable ato utes les vitesses
(38,1 cm/s; 19,05 cm/s; 9,525
cm/s).
Applications:
Transfert d'un ruban dont Ie
signal pilote provenait d'une ca-
mera
avitesse hors tolerance.
Transfert d'un ruban dont Ie
signal pilote
comporte des
interruptions.
Dimensions: 142
x62 x38 mm
Poids : 0,450 kg
QSV2
DEUTSCH
Das QSV Zubehor welches am Nagra
angeschlossen wird, erlau
die
3 Band-Geschwindigkeiten
(38,1 cm/s; 19,05 cm/s; 9,525 cm/s)
von Hand um
±12 %
Anwendung bei Oberspielungen :
Anpassen der Pilotton-F requenz
an die Referenz Frequenz.
- Ausgleichen schwanker.der oder
fehlender Pilotton Signale.
Abmessungen: 142
x62 x38 mm
Gewicht: 0,450
kg
J
.c ,.-.....
j'
Page 47
3.6.Calculation of the value Measured
3.6.1. Measurement of High-level Signals by the Line Input
A 1 mV sine wave signal applied to the line input
gives a reading of OdB on the PEAK scale or on the RMS scale, when main attenuator 7 is on
0.001
V or 0 dB.
Meter 14 is graduated in decibels only; since the
value indicated by main attenuator 7 corresponds to a reading of 0 dB on the meter, the exact value
of the signal - in decibels in relation to the 0 dBreference level - is o
ained by adding algebraically
the value shown on meter 14 to the value shown on main attenuator 7 and, when necessary, on vernier
attenuator 7A. The number of decibels o
ained
should then be converted into a voltage ratio, and
the line input voltage deducted from the 1 mV
reference voltage.
It is a convention in electro-acoustics to express
measurements taken at peak value in terms of the RMS value which would be given by a sine wave
signal with the same peak value; the input sensitivity and the output voltage of the recorder are therefore
expressed in terms of their RMS value, assuming the
signals are sine wave.
On RMS the measuring circuit of the recor-
der responds to the average value of the signal and indicates, after decibel/voltage conversion, the RMS
value which would be given by a sine wave signal of
the same average value.
On PEAK, the measuring circuit of the recorder responds to the peak value of the signal andindicates, after decibel/voltage conversion, a value
which is the AMS value of the signal only if itis a
pure sine wave; the actualpeak value, whatever the
form of the signal, is o
ained by multiplvinq the
value indicated by 1.414.
A 1mV RMS sine wave signal applied to the line
input, with the attenuators on 0 dB, gives an iden-
tical reading on PEAK and on RMS ,which is equal to 0 dB, i.e. the 1 mV AMS reference
voltage.
A signal without a well-defined form, applied to
the line input, gives the following values after
decibel/voltage conversion of the reading:
- on PEAK, peak value divided by 1.414
- on RMS average value multiplied by1.11·; in practice, this reading differs from
the RMS value reading only in the signal form
factor; the margin of error can reach 1 dB for
gaussian noise.
The line inputimpedance is 100 kf2.Onthe maxi-
mum sensitivity position
(9dB)there is no increase
in input noise as long as the sound source irnpe-
dance remains low in relation to the100kf2 input
impedance.
_1_.~=1.".fi. 2
I
Select the attenuator position for whichtheneedle
of the meter showsthe closest possible value to
+10 dB RMS or +20 dB PEAK, without
exceeding this limit. The attenuator knobthen
indicates a decibel value which,when added to the
value shown by the needle, makesitpossible to
determine the voltage applied to the input, i.e. for xdB:
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input voltage in millivolts =10 20
Basically, vernier attenuator 7A remains on 0 dB
(GAL.). With this attenuator it is possible to make
a fine adjustment, if necessary, in steps of 1 dB:the
value shown by its switch should be added tothat
of main attenuator 7.
The graduations in dB of attenuators 7and 7A and
meter 14 are also usable forrelative measurements
without pinpointing the reference.
3.6.2. Measurementof High-level Signals by the
Microphone Input
Proceed in the same way as described in the pre-
ceding paragraph, but with selector
10 on MIKE.
3.6.3. Measurement of Low-levelSignals by the
Microphone Input
The sound level,measured in decibels, in relation
to the
2.10- 5N/m 2 reference level, is equal to the
algebraic sumof the values indicatedby gain selec-
tor 39, mainattenuator 7, vernier attenuator 7A,
the reading on meter 14 andaspecific correction
value given according to the cartridge and amplifier circuits used.
The correction value includes, amongst other things,
a correction factorKo.Thisisthe difference,
expressed in decibels, between the sensitivity of a
standard cartridge (50 mV/N/m
2 ) and the actual
sensitivity measured in thelaboratory by the manu-
facturer. The Ko factor is given in the calibration
chart issued with each Bruel
& Kjaer microphone
cartridge.
To facilitate the reading of meter14 the needle
should be as near as possible tothe
+20 dB PEAK
or +10 dB RMS values, without exceeding
them. If the signal is too weak whenattenuator 7
is on +20dB, turn the knob to the right; if the
reading is stilltoo low when the attenuator is on
odB,turn gain selector 39 from +60 dBto +40 dB.
'If necessary, readjust main attenuator 7.
Itthe signal is too strong when attenuator 7 is on
+20 dB, turnitsknob to the left; if the readingis
still too high when the attenuator ison
+40 dB
(marked with an arrowhead), move gain selector 39
from +60 dB to +80 dB.